The decree of Cyrus
Whether the archives' decree in Ezra 6 is the same decree as Ezra 1, or a second authorization.
Ezra 1:1-4
1Now in the first year of Cyrus king of Persia, that Yahweh’s word by Jeremiah’s mouth might be accomplished, Yahweh stirred up the spirit of Cyrus king of Persia, so that he made a proclamation throughout all his kingdom, and put it also in writing, saying,
2“Cyrus king of Persia says, ‘Yahweh, the God of heaven, has given me all the kingdoms of the earth; and he has commanded me to build him a house in Jerusalem, which is in Judah.
3Whoever there is among you of all his people, may his God be with him, and let him go up to Jerusalem, which is in Judah, and build the house of Yahweh, the God of Israel (he is God), which is in Jerusalem.
4Whoever is left, in any place where he lives, let the men of his place help him with silver, with gold, with goods, and with animals, in addition to the free will offering for God’s house which is in Jerusalem.’ ”
Ezra 6:3-12
3In the first year of Cyrus the king, Cyrus the king made a decree: Concerning God’s house at Jerusalem, let the house be built, the place where they offer sacrifices, and let its foundations be strongly laid; with its height sixty cubits, and its width sixty cubits;
4with three courses of great stones and a course of new timber. Let the expenses be given out of the king’s house.
5Also let the gold and silver vessels of God’s house, which Nebuchadnezzar took out of the temple which is at Jerusalem, and brought to Babylon, be restored and brought again to the temple which is at Jerusalem, everything to its place. You shall put them in God’s house.
6Now therefore, Tattenai, governor beyond the River, Shetharbozenai, and your companions the Apharsachites, who are beyond the River, you must stay far from there.
7Leave the work of this house of God alone; let the governor of the Jews and the elders of the Jews build this house of God in its place.
8Moreover I make a decree what you shall do for these elders of the Jews for the building of this house of God: that of the king’s goods, even of the tribute beyond the River, expenses must be given with all diligence to these men, that they not be hindered.
9That which they have need of, including young bulls, rams, and lambs, for burnt offerings to the God of heaven; also wheat, salt, wine, and oil, according to the word of the priests who are at Jerusalem, let it be given them day by day without fail;
10that they may offer sacrifices of pleasant aroma to the God of heaven, and pray for the life of the king, and of his sons.
11I have also made a decree that whoever alters this message, let a beam be pulled out from his house, and let him be lifted up and fastened on it; and let his house be made a dunghill for this.
12May the God who has caused his name to dwell there overthrow all kings and peoples who stretch out their hand to alter this, to destroy this house of God which is at Jerusalem. I Darius have made a decree. Let it be done with all diligence.
What each tradition says
Rabbinic / Midrashic
The Jewish Encyclopedia states that Darius found the decree of Cyrus in the archives of Achmetha (Hamadan). Darius directed Tatnai not to disturb the Jews in their work.
Joseph Jacobs, M. Seligsohn, Morris Jastrow, Jr., David Samuel Margoliouth, Ezra, Book of (Jewish Encyclopedia, 1901-1906) — Synopsis of Contents, on ch. vi
Patristic
No sourced position found. Checked the ANF/NPNF corpus (New Advent and CCEL caches): no patristic commentary or treatise on Ezra — the disposition of the Cyrus decrees is treated only by Josephus (not a father) and by modern works; no English public-domain patristic text found.
Catholic
Haydock, following Calmet, holds that the memoirs of Cyrus had probably been conveyed to Ecbatana. That city was built by Dejoces, the first king of the Medes, and greatly enlarged by his successor, Phraortes.
George Leo Haydock, George Haydock's Catholic Bible Commentary (1859) — On Ezra 6:2
Orthodox
No sourced position found. Checked archive.org (2026-09-14) — no public-domain English commentary on Ezra (Theophylact/Euthymius English only modern and copyrighted); CCEL ANF/NPNF (no Eastern treatment of Ezra); pravoslavieto.com (no English verse commentary); Philaret and the Synod of Jerusalem (doctrinal only). No Eastern treatment of the Ezra 6 decree found.
Reformed / Protestant
John Gill reads Ezra 6:3 as referring to the decree Cyrus made in his first year concerning the house of God at Jerusalem, that it be built. He points the reader to Ezra 1:1.
John Gill, John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible — On Ezra 6:3
Evangelical
Thomas Coke says Darius had married two of Cyrus's daughters to fortify his title to the crown, so he thought himself bound to do everything that honored Cyrus. Therefore, Coke explains, Darius more readily confirmed the decree Cyrus had granted to the Jews.
Thomas Coke, Coke's Commentary on the Holy Bible — On Ezra 6:1