Honoring parents
How 'hate father and mother' stands beside the command to honor them.
Luke 14:25-27
25Now great multitudes were going with him. He turned and said to them,
26“If anyone comes to me, and doesn’t disregard his own father, mother, wife, children, brothers, and sisters, yes, and his own life also, he can’t be my disciple.
27Whoever doesn’t bear his own cross, and come after me, can’t be my disciple.
Exodus 20:12
12“Honor your father and your mother, that your days may be long in the land which Yahweh your God gives you.
What each tradition says
Rabbinic / Midrashic
Solomon Schechter and Caspar Levias state that a father may not exact obedience from his children. This limit applies if such obedience would require them to do anything against the law (B. M. ii. 10).
Solomon Schechter, Caspar Levias, The Jewish Encyclopedia (1901-1906), article "Father" — Article "Father", halakic paragraph on the father's authority (before the "Duties" section)
Patristic
Augustine understands hatred of father, mother, and other blood ties as hating in them what belongs to the human condition of birth and death. He says we love what can be carried with us to the realm where no one says “My Father,” but all say to the one God, “Our Father.”
Augustine of Hippo, Our Lord's Sermon on the Mount (Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, First Series, Vol. 6; William Findlay trans.) — Book I, ch. XV (sec. 40)
Catholic
Haydock says the word “hate” in Luke 14:26 is not to be taken in its proper sense. It should be understood by Christ’s words in Matthew 10:37, that no one must love his father more than God.
George Leo Haydock, George Haydock's Catholic Bible Commentary (1859) — On Luke 14:26
Orthodox
Cyril of Alexandria teaches that Christ commands us to hate even our relatives according to the flesh. He says we are also to hate our own self, if the season calls us to do so.
Cyril of Alexandria, Commentary upon the Gospel according to St. Luke (R. Payne Smith trans., Oxford 1859), Part II — Sermon CV (105), on Luke 14:25-27
Reformed / Protestant
Calvin does not command us to lay aside human affections or forbid us to discharge the duties of relationship. He only desires that all mutual love among men be regulated so as to assign the highest rank to piety.
John Calvin, Commentary on Matthew, Mark, Luke - Volume 1 (Calvin Translation Society; Christian Classics Ethereal Library) — On Matthew 10:37 (the word "hate" of Luke 14:26)
Evangelical
Wesley reads “hate father and mother” as hating them comparatively to Christ. When they stand in competition with Christ, one must actually renounce field, oxen, wife, and all things, acting as if he hated them.
John Wesley, John Wesley's Notes on the Bible (Wesley Center Online) — On Luke 14:26