Job's redeemer
Who Job's redeemer is and whether he speaks of vindication in this life or beyond death.
Job 19:23-27
23“Oh that my words were now written! Oh that they were inscribed in a book!
24That with an iron pen and lead they were engraved in the rock forever!
25But as for me, I know that my Redeemer lives. In the end, he will stand upon the earth.
26After my skin is destroyed, then I will see God in my flesh,
27whom I, even I, will see on my side. My eyes will see, and not as a stranger. “My heart is consumed within me.
What each tradition says
Rabbinic / Midrashic
Rashi takes the vav as referring to the preceding statement. Though Job is persecuted, he knows his Redeemer lives to requite his persecutors, and that He will endure and rise.
Rashi (trans. A. J. Rosenberg), Rashi on Job (The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi) - Sefaria — Comment on Job 19:25
Patristic
Gregory the Great says he believes with sure faith that the Redeemer lives after death. With unreserved voice he confesses Job's words, "my Redeemer liveth," concerning the one who died by the hands of wicked men.
Gregory the Great, Morals on the Book of Job (Library of the Fathers trans., vol. 2), Book XIV — Book XIV, sec. 67 (on Job xix. 25)
Catholic
The Redeemer may mean the Deity, not confined to the second Person, though more particularly Christ, in whom Job believed as Redeemer of all mankind. Job expected restoration to health soon, as an earnest and figure of the resurrection. The same prophecy may have a double fulfillment: one soon, another more sublime and remote.
George Haydock (with Piscator, Junius, Calmet, Chrysostom, Grotius), George Haydock's Catholic Bible Commentary — Comment on Job 19:25
Orthodox
No sourced position found. Checked NPNF ser. 2 vol. 9 (Hilary, John of Damascus, ccel.org cache): 'redeemer' occurs only of Christ generally, never on Job xix; Philaret's Longer Catechism (pravoslavieto.com): no Job material; searched newadvent.org/fathers and archive.org for a public-domain English Greek commentary on Job - none (Chrysostom's Job homilies and Olympiodorus have no PD English translation).
Reformed / Protestant
Matthew Henry observes that a Redeemer is provided for fallen man, and that Jesus Christ is that Redeemer. Henry notes the word is Goël, the next of kin who under the law of Moses had the right to redeem a mortgaged estate.
Matthew Henry, An Exposition of the Old and New Testament, Vol. III (Job) — Comment on Job xix. 25 (my Redeemer liveth)
Evangelical
Wesley says Job’s Redeemer is one in whom Job has a particular interest. The word Goel properly agrees to Jesus Christ; it primarily describes the next kinsman, whose office was to redeem a deceased kinsman’s sold or mortgaged estate by paying a price, avenge his death, and maintain his name and honor by raising up seed.
John Wesley, Wesley's Notes on the Bible, Job (Wesley Center Online) — Chapter XIX, note on v. 25 (My Redeemer)