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The poor you always have

How 'the poor you always have with you' relates to the law's command that there be no poor among you.

John 12:1-8

1Then six days before the Passover, Jesus came to Bethany, where Lazarus was, who had been dead, whom he raised from the dead.

2So they made him a supper there. Martha served, but Lazarus was one of those who sat at the table with him.

3Therefore Mary took a pound of ointment of pure nard, very precious, and anointed Jesus’s feet and wiped his feet with her hair. The house was filled with the fragrance of the ointment.

4Then Judas Iscariot, Simon’s son, one of his disciples, who would betray him, said,

5“Why wasn’t this ointment sold for three hundred denarii, and given to the poor?”

6Now he said this, not because he cared for the poor, but because he was a thief, and having the money box, used to steal what was put into it.

7But Jesus said, “Leave her alone. She has kept this for the day of my burial.

8For you always have the poor with you, but you don’t always have me.”

Deuteronomy 15:1-11

1At the end of every seven years, you shall cancel debts.

2This is the way it shall be done: every creditor shall release that which he has lent to his neighbor. He shall not require payment from his neighbor and his brother, because Yahweh’s release has been proclaimed.

3Of a foreigner you may require it; but whatever of yours is with your brother, your hand shall release.

4However there will be no poor with you (for Yahweh will surely bless you in the land which Yahweh your God gives you for an inheritance to possess)

5if only you diligently listen to Yahweh your God’s voice, to observe to do all this commandment which I command you today.

6For Yahweh your God will bless you, as he promised you. You will lend to many nations, but you will not borrow. You will rule over many nations, but they will not rule over you.

7If a poor man, one of your brothers, is with you within any of your gates in your land which Yahweh your God gives you, you shall not harden your heart, nor shut your hand from your poor brother;

8but you shall surely open your hand to him, and shall surely lend him sufficient for his need, which he lacks.

9Beware that there not be a wicked thought in your heart, saying, “The seventh year, the year of release, is at hand,” and your eye be evil against your poor brother and you give him nothing; and he cry to Yahweh against you, and it be sin to you.

10You shall surely give, and your heart shall not be grieved when you give to him, because it is for this thing Yahweh your God will bless you in all your work and in all that you put your hand to.

11For the poor will never cease out of the land. Therefore I command you to surely open your hand to your brother, to your needy, and to your poor, in your land.

What each tradition says

Rabbinic / Midrashic

In Judaism, charity is a duty owed by people of means to provide for those in want. It is righteousness because God, the Giver of all blessings, claims a share of His gifts for the poor and, as owner of the land, certain produce for the fatherless, widow, Levite, and stranger.

Joseph Jacobs, Kaufmann Kohler, Cyrus Adler, A. M. Friedenberg, Lee K. Frankel, The Jewish Encyclopedia (1901-1906), article "Charity and Charitable Institutions"Section "The Lord's Share — Ancient and Medieval Times"

Patristic

Chrysostom says we should give alms especially because we have Christ not always hungry, but only in this present life. The saying about the poor, he says, was not meant for the disciples, although it seems so, but for the woman's weakness.

John Chrysostom, Homilies on the Gospel of Saint Matthew (Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, First Series, Vol. 10)Homily L (50), sec. 5, on Matthew 26:11

Catholic

Haydock, citing Worthington, states that God suffered some to be poor. This was to exercise the charity of his people.

George Leo Haydock, George Haydock's Catholic Bible Commentary (1859)On Deuteronomy 15:11

Orthodox

No sourced position found. Checked Cyril of Alexandria, Commentary on the Gospel of St. John (Pusey trans., 1874; archive.org, both volumes) — the translation carries no section on John 12:1-8; no other public-domain English Eastern commentary on John 12 located.

Reformed / Protestant

Calvin says that when Jesus says the poor will always be with us, he reproves the hypocrisy of the Jews. Yet Calvin draws a profitable doctrine from it: alms that relieve the poor's needs are acceptable sacrifices and a sweet savor to God. Any other expense in God's worship is improperly bestowed.

John Calvin, Commentary on John - Volume 2 (Calvin Translation Society; Christian Classics Ethereal Library)On John 12:8

Evangelical

According to John Wesley's Notes, the poor will never cease because God by his providence orders it so. This is partly for the punishment of the people's disobedience and partly for the trial and exercise of their obedience to him and charity to their brother.

John Wesley, John Wesley's Notes on the Bible (Wesley Center Online)On Deuteronomy 15:11