Diviane
← All sites

Proverbs and Ecclesiastes

Proverbs' confidence that conduct and outcome line up against Ecclesiastes' righteous who perish and wicked who prosper (7:15; 8:14) — contradiction, complementary genres, or correction.

Proverbs 10:1-32

1The proverbs of Solomon. A wise son makes a glad father; but a foolish son brings grief to his mother.

2Treasures of wickedness profit nothing, but righteousness delivers from death.

3Yahweh will not allow the soul of the righteous to go hungry, but he thrusts away the desire of the wicked.

4He becomes poor who works with a lazy hand, but the hand of the diligent brings wealth.

5He who gathers in summer is a wise son, but he who sleeps during the harvest is a son who causes shame.

6Blessings are on the head of the righteous, but violence covers the mouth of the wicked.

7The memory of the righteous is blessed, but the name of the wicked will rot.

8The wise in heart accept commandments, but a chattering fool will fall.

9He who walks blamelessly walks surely, but he who perverts his ways will be found out.

10One winking with the eye causes sorrow, but a chattering fool will fall.

11The mouth of the righteous is a spring of life, but violence covers the mouth of the wicked.

12Hatred stirs up strife, but love covers all wrongs.

13Wisdom is found on the lips of him who has discernment, but a rod is for the back of him who is void of understanding.

14Wise men lay up knowledge, but the mouth of the foolish is near ruin.

15The rich man’s wealth is his strong city. The destruction of the poor is their poverty.

16The labor of the righteous leads to life. The increase of the wicked leads to sin.

17He is in the way of life who heeds correction, but he who forsakes reproof leads others astray.

18He who hides hatred has lying lips. He who utters a slander is a fool.

19In the multitude of words there is no lack of disobedience, but he who restrains his lips does wisely.

20The tongue of the righteous is like choice silver. The heart of the wicked is of little worth.

21The lips of the righteous feed many, but the foolish die for lack of understanding.

22Yahweh’s blessing brings wealth, and he adds no trouble to it.

23It is a fool’s pleasure to do wickedness, but wisdom is a man of understanding’s pleasure.

24What the wicked fear, will overtake them, but the desire of the righteous will be granted.

25When the whirlwind passes, the wicked is no more; but the righteous stand firm forever.

26As vinegar to the teeth, and as smoke to the eyes, so is the sluggard to those who send him.

27The fear of Yahweh prolongs days, but the years of the wicked shall be shortened.

28The prospect of the righteous is joy, but the hope of the wicked will perish.

29The way of Yahweh is a stronghold to the upright, but it is a destruction to the workers of iniquity.

30The righteous will never be removed, but the wicked will not dwell in the land.

31The mouth of the righteous produces wisdom, but the perverse tongue will be cut off.

32The lips of the righteous know what is acceptable, but the mouth of the wicked is perverse.

Ecclesiastes 7:15

15All this I have seen in my days of vanity: there is a righteous man who perishes in his righteousness, and there is a wicked man who lives long in his evildoing.

What each tradition says

Rabbinic / Midrashic

Shmuel HaKatan explains that God knows when a righteous person is destined to become corrupted and removes him while still righteous, as with "a righteous person who perishes in his righteousness." A wicked person may endure because God anticipates his repentance as long as he lives; after death that hope is lost.

Kohelet Rabbah (anonymous midrash); English: The Sefaria Midrash Rabbah, 2022, Kohelet Rabbah (Ecclesiastes Rabbah)Comment on Ecclesiastes 7:15 (Kohelet Rabbah 7:15), the answer of Shmuel HaKatan

Patristic

Gregory Thaumaturgus recalls that in the former days of his vanity he considered all things. He saw a righteous man continuing in righteousness until death, not ceasing from it, yet suffering injury because of it, and a wicked man perishing with his wickedness.

Gregory Thaumaturgus (c. 213-c. 270), A Metaphrase of the Book of Ecclesiastes, in Ante-Nicene Fathers, vol. 6 (eds. Roberts & Donaldson, 1886)Chapter VII, paraphrase of Ecclesiastes 7:15

Catholic

Gietmann rejects erroneous or varying views of life and faith in an inspired writer, and regards frequent textual alterations or a proposed dialogue form as poor makeshifts. In his opinion, it suffices to explain certain hyperbolical and somewhat paradoxical turns as results of the writer’s bold style and tragic vein.

Gerhard Gietmann (1845-1912), The Catholic Encyclopedia, vol. 5, s.v. 'Ecclesiastes' (New York: Robert Appleton, 1909)In the section 'Part III', the discussion of the book's unity and its apparent contradictions

Orthodox

No sourced position found. Checked: John of Damascus, An Exact Exposition of the Orthodox Faith (NPNF ser. 2, vol. 9), incl. Book II ch. 28-30 on providence — the word 'Ecclesiastes' occurs only in the list of canonical books and the volume's scripture index; the Synod of Jerusalem (1672, Confession of Dositheus, trans. J. N. W. B. Robertson, 1899) — full text searched for 'Ecclesiastes' and 'Proverbs', no hits; searches of CCEL, archive.org and the web for a public-domain English Orthodox treatment of Ecclesiastes (incl. Gregory of Nyssa's homilies on Kohelet, whose English translations are modern and copyrighted) found none.

Reformed / Protestant

Matthew Henry says the calamities of the righteous prepare them for future blessedness, while the wicked, though their days are prolonged, are only ripening for ruin. A coming judgment will rectify this seeming irregularity, to God’s glory and his people’s full satisfaction, so we must wait patiently.

Matthew Henry (1662-1714), Commentary on the Whole Bible, vol. 3: Job to Song of Solomon (1706-1721)Exposition of Ecclesiastes 7:15-18 ('We must not be offended at the greatest prosperity of wicked people...')

Evangelical

Wesley reads Ecclesiastes 7:15 as observing that a righteous man perishes for his righteousness, which exposes him to the envy, anger, or hatred of wicked men, while the wicked continues notwithstanding all his wickedness. He takes verse 16 and the next as two inferences drawn from those two clauses.

John Wesley (1703-1791), Wesley's Notes on the Bible (Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament, 1765) — CCEL plain-text editionNotes on Ecclesiastes 7:15-16